Execution Layer

One of the key aspects of the transition from Proof-of-Work (PoW) to Proof-of-Stake (PoS) was the decoupling of the Execution and Consensus Layers. As aforementioned the EL is responsible for executing transactions, as well as maintaining and managing the state of the blockchain.

Maximum Attestation Reward Calculation

In the EL, validators only get EL rewards when they produce a block, as opposed to the CL where they also have other functions. With the implementation of EIP-1559 as part of the London Hard fork, the transaction fee mechanism was revamped in order to make transaction fees easier to estimate for end users. As such, EL block rewards were also affected. The total fee that a sender of a transaction incurs is equal to units of gas used * (base fee + priority fee), where base fee is determined by protocol, and priority fee where is a user-defined tip to the validator responsible for proposing a block. Another important aspect of EIP-1559 is that the base fee is burned, and is not credited to the fee recipient. In summary, block rewards post-merge are equal to the sum of transaction fees minus burnt fees for all transactions included in a block.